Tonnage - The term
describing the size ship, ship, Or an entire group of
vessels Fleet in units of volume (capacity), known as
register tons. The concept of the tonnage is also used
loosely to describe Load vessels or displacement ships, as
expressed in tonnes of weight.
Tonnage is not a concept well-defined and therefore the
handling of this concept requires a more detailed definition
of what kind of size is affected.For about half of the nineteenth
century, the tonnage was the basic concept of determining
the volume of commercial and military sailing vessels,
similar to the concept of capacity of the vessel, which
should not be confused with the displacement. Methods of
calculating the tonnage consisted of the calculation based
on the dimensions of the vessel. However, they differed
between countries and changed over time. Tonnage was
important, for example when the size of port fees levied on
the vessel.
In England, one of the main historical maritime powers, the
most popular way of calculating the tonnage of the XVI was
to multiply the length of keel ship by the maximum width of
the space inside the hull (smaller than the width of the
hull) and the depth of the hull (measured from the main deck
to the bottom at the maximum width - this is not immersion).
The result was divided by 100 and added 1 / 4 value. The
calculations were made in feetAnd the result was given in
GRT as units of volume (100 cubic feet).
In parallel, otherwise used to calculate the tonnage, which
is to multiply the length of keel the maximum width and
maximum draft of the hull, and the result divided by 100 and
added 1 / 3 value. The results obtained from the application
of one or the other way may vary considerably. In other
countries used similar schemes in principle to calculate the
tonnage, but differing in details, moreover, itself a
measure of the rate differed depending on the state. Various
methods were also measure the length and depth of the keel
of the hull, leading to different results.
Since the second half of the seventeenth century in England
was used to calculate the tonnage standard system, which
consists in multiplying the length of the keel, breadth and
depth of the hull and dividing the result by 94 (for some
small units by 100). To simplify the measurement of depth,
then adopted the principle that it is equal to half the
width of the hull. Refined the method for calculating the
tonnage in other countries, hence the differences for
individual vessels or ships fell to 10-20%.
Concepts tonnage not used to rowing galleys and similar
entities that have different specific structures (slender,
with small depth).
From about the mid-nineteenth century, in connection with
the revolution in the sphere of construction of vessels and
ships as a result of the spread of mechanical drive and iron
as a construction material, stopped using the concept of
tonnage in the old sense. It was replaced in the case of
ships like the idea of the concept of capacity (calculated
in GRT), and the concept of carrying capacity (calculated in
tonnes as the unit of weight). In the case of ships, became
a measure of the size displacement.
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